| ID | Language | Source Form | Phonological Form | Notes | Cognate Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80 | Hittite | tiessar |
no IE cogn. (Kloekhorst 2010 ...
|
|
||
| 81 | Tocharian A | kārāś |
meaning 'jungle'. Borrowing from Khotanese ...
|
P |
|
|
| 81 | Tocharian A | wärt |
Related to Skt. vṛti- 'enclosure ...
|
Q |
|
|
| 82 | Tocharian B | karāś | P |
|
||
| 82 | Tocharian B | wartto | Q |
|
||
| 88 | Albanian | PYLLI |
Orel gives 'forest'. Borrowed < Balk ...
|
(C) |
|
|
| 143 | Standard Albanian | pyll |
Orel gives 'forest'. Borrowed < Balk ...
|
(C) |
|
|
| 2 | Albanian Sicily | VOSKU | loan? | (B) |
|
|
| 4 | Albanian Corinth | DHASO | J |
|
||
| 3 | Albanian Gheg | PYLLI | C |
|
||
| 6 | Albanian Tosk | PYL |
Orel gives 'forest'. Borrowed < Balk ...
|
(C) |
|
|
| 110 | Ancient Greek | ὕλη | hýːlɛː | G.sg. ὕλης | Ai |
|
| 32 | Greek | δάσος | ˈðaso̞s | J |
|
|
| 31 | Greek Lesbos | DASOS | J |
|
||
| 129 | Classical Armenian | անտառ | antaṙ | D |
|
|
| 129 | Classical Armenian | մայրի | mayri |
Also 'forest, thicket’. Compared with ...
|
(X) |
|
| 8 | Armenian Eastern | անտառ | ɑnˈtɑr | D |
|
|
| 7 | Armenian Western | անտառ | ɑnˈdɑr | D |
|
|
| 7 | Armenian Western | MAYRI |
maybe Lat. MATERIA 'material' < IE root of 'mother' /cognate ...
|
(X) |
|
|
| 128 | Avestan | razurəm | Ae |
|
||
| 9 | Baluchi | LADH | Af |
|
||
| 72 | Tajik | BESA | Ab |
|
||
| 72 | Tajik | cangal | dʒænɡæl | (A) |
|
|
| 54 | Persian | jangal | dʒænɡæl | (A) |
|
|
| 77 | Waziri | ZANGAL | (A) |
|
||
| 1 | Pashto | DZANGAL | (A) |
|
||
| 138 | Shughni | diraxtzōr | Ag |
|
||
| 138 | Shughni | jangal | (A) |
|
||
| 139 | Sarikoli | ǰangal | (A) |
|
||
| 52 | Ossetic | x'aed | qæd | W |
|
|
| 124 | Ossetic Iron | qɐd | qɐd | W |
|
|
| 125 | Ossetic Digor | ʁɐdɐ | ʁɐdɐ | W |
|
|
| 105 | Vedic Sanskrit | vánam | S |
|
||
| 162 | Pāḷī | vana | S |
|
||
| 41 | Khaskura | BAN | S |
|
||
| 51 | Nepali | BAN | S |
|
||
| 106 | Assamese | kathɒni | kathɒni | (T) |
|
|
| 102 | Oriya | bɔṇɔ | bɔɳɔ | ‘forest’ | S |
|
| 102 | Oriya | ǰɔŋgɔlɔ | ǰɔŋgɔlɔ | A |
|
|
| 10 | Bengali | JONGOL | split from DKB | A |
|
|
| 10 | Bengali | BON | split from DKB | S |
|
|
| 111 | Bihari | ‘wood’ kaʈh | kaʈh | (T) |
|
|
| 111 | Bihari | ban | woods' | S |
|
|
| 144 | Magahi | जंगल | ɟəŋɡəl | A |
|
|
| 104 | Marwari | kaʈh | kaʈh | ‘wood’ | (T) |
|
| 35 | Hindi | JENGEL | A |
|
||
| 119 | Urdu | جنگل | ʤə̃ɡəl | A |
|
|
| 103 | Sindhi | vaṇakāre |
AF vaṇakāru, lit. ‘that ...
|
S |
|
|
| 43 | Lahnda | JENGEL | A |
|
||
| 53 | Punjabi | JENGEL | A |
|
||
| 33 | Gujarati | JENGEE | A |
|
||
| 50 | Marathi | dzhādī | dzʰa'ɖi: | Y |
|
|
| 50 | Marathi | dʒāŋgal | 'dʒaŋgəl | A |
|
|
| 40 | Kashmiri | WAN | S |
|
||
| 65 | Sinhalese | KALE | Aa |
|
||
| 34 | Romani Greece | veš | (Ab) |
|
||
| 100 | Old Church Slavonic | лѣсъ | læsʊ̆ |
'лѣсъ' is attested twice in ...
|
H |
|
| 95 | Serbo-Croatian | šuma | ˈʃûma | U |
|
|
| 15 | Bulgarian | гора | gu'ra |
'лес' means 'a big, old ...
|
M |
|
| 92 | Macedonian | шума | ˈʃuma | U |
|
|
| 92 | Macedonian | гора | ˈɡora | M |
|
|
| 60 | Russian | лес | lʲɛs | H |
|
|
| 55 | Polish | las | las | H |
|
|
| 16 | Belarusian | лес | lʲɛs | H |
|
|
| 73 | Ukrainian | ліс | lʲis | H |
|
|
| 66 | Slovak | les | lɛs |
An alternative lexeme is 'hora ...
|
H |
|
| 18 | Czech | les | lɛs | H |
|
|
| 48 | Sorbian Upper | lěs | lɪs | H |
|
|
| 47 | Sorbian Lower | góla | ˈɡɘ̟lʲa |
An alternative lexeme is 'lěs ...
|
Ah |
|
| 97 | Slovenian | gozd | gɔzd, ɡôːzd | Aj |
|
|
| 108 | Old Prussian | median | G |
|
||
| 44 | Latvian | mežs | G |
|
||
| 46 | Lithuanian | MISKAS | G |
|
||
| 109 | Old Norse | mo̜rk | mɔrk | Ad |
|
|
| 109 | Old Norse | viðr | viðr | N |
|
|
| 109 | Old Norse | skógr | skoːɡr | I |
|
|
| 36 | Icelandic | skógur | ˈskouːʏr | Replaced SKOGR. | I |
|
| 36 | Icelandic | mörk | mœr̥k | Ad |
|
|
| 23 | Faroese | skógur, skóg | ˈskɔuːɡʊɹ, skɔuːɡ | I |
|
|
| 23 | Faroese | mørk | mœɹ̥k | Ad |
|
|
| 58 | Norwegian Riksmal | skog | skuːɡ | I |
|
|
| 159 | Stavangersk | skoɡ | skuːɡ | I |
|
|
| 157 | Old Swedish | mark | mark | Ad |
|
|
| 157 | Old Swedish | skogher | ˈskoːɣer | I |
|
|
| 69 | Swedish | skog | skuːg | I |
|
|
| 71 | Swedish Vilhelmina | SKOGA | I |
|
||
| 70 | Swedish Uppland | SKOGAR | I |
|
||
| 145 | Elfdalian | rais | rɑɪs | Ac |
|
|
| 145 | Elfdalian | skuog | skʉəg | I |
|
|
| 20 | Danish | skov | sg̥ɒwˀ | I |
|
|
| 158 | Danish Fjolde | skåv | sɡɔw | I |
|
|
| 160 | Old Gutnish | scogr | I |
|
||
| 161 | Gutnish Lau | skåug | skouɡ | I |
|
|
| 99 | Old English | wudu | N |
|
||
| 99 | Old English | weald | O |
|
||
| 22 | English | woods | wʊdz | N |
|
|
| 26 | Frisian | bosk | bosk | (B) |
|
|
| 21 | Dutch | woud | wɑut | O |
|
|
| 21 | Dutch | bos | bɔs | Removed -CH ending. Archaic? | (B) |
|
| 24 | Flemish | BOSCH | split from DKB | (B) |
|
|
| 24 | Flemish | WOUD | split from DKB | O |
|
|
| 83 | Afrikaans | BOS | (B) |
|
||
| 87 | Sranan | BOESI | (B) |
|
||
| 126 | Old High German | holz |
|
|||
| 126 | Old High German | wald | O |
|
||
| 27 | German | Wald | valt | O |
|
|
| 86 | Pennsylvania Dutch | BUSCH | (B) |
|
||
| 120 | Luxembourgish | Bësch | (B) |
|
||
| 121 | German Switzerland | waud | O |
|
||
| 107 | Gothic | waldus | forest' | O |
|
|
| 112 | Latin | silva | ˈsilwa | G.sg. silvae | R |
|
| 17 | Catalan | bosc | bɔsk | Removed final -H. | B |
|
| 56 | Portuguese | SELVA | split from DKB | R |
|
|
| 56 | Portuguese | floresta | fluˈɾɛʃtɐ | split from DKB | E |
|
| 56 | Portuguese | BOSQUE | split from DKB | B |
|
|
| 68 | Spanish | bosque | 'boske | B |
|
|
| 61 | Sardinian Cagliari | BOSKU | B |
|
||
| 62 | Sardinian Logudoro | ISCI | B |
|
||
| 63 | Sardinian Nuoro | BUSKU | B |
|
||
| 85 | French Creole Dominica | BWE | B |
|
||
| 76 | Walloon | BWES | B |
|
||
| 25 | French | bois | bwa | B |
|
|
| 57 | Provencal | SEUVO | split from DKB | R |
|
|
| 57 | Provencal | FOUREST | split from DKB | E |
|
|
| 42 | Ladin | SELVA | split from DKB | R |
|
|
| 42 | Ladin | GOD | split from DKB | K |
|
|
| 146 | Dolomite Ladino | bosch | B |
|
||
| 123 | Romansh | guaud | K |
|
||
| 122 | Friulian | bosc | B |
|
||
| 39 | Italian | bosco | 'bɔsko | B |
|
|
| 59 | Romanian | pădure | pəˈduɾe | L |
|
|
| 74 | Vlach | PEDURI | L |
|
||
| 140 | Gaulish | uidu- |
Attested in toponyms, attested (e ...
|
Z |
|
|
| 127 | Old Irish | ross | ros |
|
||
| 127 | Old Irish | caill | kalʹlʹ | T |
|
|
| 127 | Old Irish | fid | ɸʹið | (Z) |
|
|
| 101 | Middle Cornish | predn | predn |
‘wood’, cogn. with 'tree, oak ...
|
|
|
| 101 | Middle Cornish | koswik | 'kɤzwɪk |
‘forest’, COED+WIK (< Lat. VICUS ...
|
F |
|
| 172 | Middle Breton | coat, quoat | ˈkoat | F |
|
|
| 12 | Breton | koad | ˈkwaːt | F |
|
|
| 79 | Welsh | coed | F |
|
||
| 38 | Irish | coill | T |
|
||
| 38 | Irish | fiodh | (N) |
|
||
| 115 | Scottish Gaelic | coille | kɤʎɪ | T |
|
|
| 5 | [Legacy] Albanian T | PYJE |
Orel gives 'forest'. Borrowing < Balk ...
|
(C) |
|
|
| 29 | [Legacy] Greek K | DASOS | J |
|
||
| 28 | [Legacy] Greek D | DASOS | J |
|
||
| 30 | [Legacy] Greek Md | DASOS | J |
|
||
| 64 | [Legacy] Serbocroatian | SUMA | U |
|
||
| 113 | [Legacy] Serbian | gora | M |
|
||
| 113 | [Legacy] Serbian | šuma | ʃûma | forest', judged more neutral | U |
|
| 49 | [Legacy] Macedonian | šúma | ˈʃuma | U |
|
|
| 19 | [Legacy] Czech E | LES | H |
|
||
| 67 | [Legacy] Slovenian | DOVO | V |
|
||
| 45 | [Legacy] Lithuanian O | MISKAS | split from DKB | G |
|
|
| 45 | [Legacy] Lithuanian O | GIRIA | split from DKB | M |
|
|
| 11 | [Legacy] Brazilian | floresta | floˈɾɛstɐ | split from DKB | E |
|
| 11 | [Legacy] Brazilian | BOSQUE | split from DKB | B |
|
|
| 11 | [Legacy] Brazilian | SELVA | split from DKB | R |
|
|
| 142 | [Legacy] German Munich | Wald | O |
|
||
| 84 | [Legacy] French Creole C | GHWA BWA | B |
|
||
| 14 | [Legacy] Breton St | koad | kwa:t | F |
|
|
| 13 | [Legacy] Breton Se | KOED | F |
|
||
| 78 | [Legacy] Welsh C | GALLT |
|
|||
| 37 | [Legacy] Irish A | COILLTE | T |
|

button)