ID | Language | Source Form | Phonological Form | Notes | Cognate Class | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
114 | Proto-Indo-European | *dʰuh₂mós | A |
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80 | Hittite | tuhhuwais | A |
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88 | Albanian | TYMI | C |
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143 | Standard Albanian | tym |
Continues PAlb *ātuma connected with ...
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C |
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2 | Albanian Sicily | kem |
Another form is qem. From ...
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F |
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4 | Albanian Corinth | kem |
Another form is qem. From ...
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F |
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3 | Albanian Gheg | tym |
Continues PAlb *ātuma connected with ...
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C |
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6 | Albanian Tosk | tym |
Continues PAlb *ātuma connected with ...
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C |
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173 | Mycenaean Greek | ka-pi-ni-ja | kapnía- |
Noun attested in PY Vn ...
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F |
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110 | Ancient Greek | καπνός | kapnós | G.sg. καπνοῦ | F |
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152 | Tsakonian | καπ(ι)νε | F |
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32 | Greek | καπνός | kaˈpno̞s | F |
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31 | Greek Lesbos | KAPNOS | F |
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129 | Classical Armenian | մուխ | mux |
Not attested in 'Golden Age ...
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(E) |
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129 | Classical Armenian | ծուխ | cowx | H |
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8 | Armenian Eastern | ծուխ | ʦuχ | H |
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8 | Armenian Eastern | մուխ | mux | (E) |
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7 | Armenian Western | MOOGH | AF: mux | E |
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128 | Avestan | dūta- | A |
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136 | Sogdian | pzt | Sogdian | G |
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174 | Khotanese | dumä | dumə | A |
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75 | Wakhi | DIT | A |
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9 | Baluchi | DUHON | A |
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118 | Kurdish | dûkel | A |
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118 | Kurdish | dûxan | A |
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137 | Zazaki | dūy | A |
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72 | Tajik | DUD | A |
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54 | Persian | DUD | A |
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77 | Waziri | DE YOR LIGAI | A |
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1 | Pashto | DUD | A |
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138 | Shughni | δud | A |
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139 | Sarikoli | δyd, δud | A |
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52 | Ossetic | faezdaeg | fæzdæɡ |
split from DKB, ![]() |
G |
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52 | Ossetic | x'uaecae | qwætsæ | split from DKB | I |
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124 | Ossetic Iron | fɐždɐg | fɐždɐg | G |
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125 | Ossetic Digor | qwɐcɐ | qwɐcɐ |
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141 | Kata-viri | dʸum | A |
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154 | Vasi-vari | ulyūmo | A |
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153 | Askunu | dŭm | A |
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105 | Vedic Sanskrit | dhūmás | A |
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162 | Pāḷī | dhūma | A |
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41 | Khaskura | DHUWAN | A |
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51 | Nepali | DHUWA | A |
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106 | Assamese | dhõa | dhõa | A |
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102 | Oriya | dhũã | dhũã | A |
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10 | Bengali | DHOA, DHUO | A |
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111 | Bihari | dhũa | dhũa | A |
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144 | Magahi | धुंआ | d̪ʰʊɑ̃ |
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104 | Marwari | dhũnwo | dhũnwo | A |
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35 | Hindi | DHUA | A |
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119 | Urdu | دُھواں | d̪ʰʊwɑ̃ | A |
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103 | Sindhi | duuhon | ‘smoke, fume, vapour, smoking fire’ | A |
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43 | Lahnda | DHU | A |
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53 | Punjabi | TUA | A |
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33 | Gujarati | DHUMARO | A |
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50 | Marathi | dhūr | dʰu:ɾ | A |
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40 | Kashmiri | DAH | A |
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65 | Sinhalese | DUMA | A |
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34 | Romani Greece | DUMANO | A |
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100 | Old Church Slavonic | дымъ | dɯmʊ̆ | A |
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95 | Serbo-Croatian | dim | dîm | A |
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15 | Bulgarian | пушек | ˈpuʃɘk | M |
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92 | Macedonian | чад | tʃad |
There are some alternative lexemes ...
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L |
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60 | Russian | дым | dɨm | A |
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55 | Polish | dym | dɘ̟m | A |
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16 | Belarusian | дым | dɨm | A |
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73 | Ukrainian | дим | dɪm | A |
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66 | Slovak | dym | dim | A |
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18 | Czech | kouř | kɔur̝̊ | K |
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18 | Czech | dým | diːm | A |
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48 | Sorbian Upper | kur | kuʀ | K |
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47 | Sorbian Lower | dym | dɘ̟m |
An alternative lexeme is 'kuŕ ...
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A |
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97 | Slovenian | dim | dim | A |
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108 | Old Prussian | dumis | A |
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44 | Latvian | dũmi | A |
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46 | Lithuanian | DUMAI | A |
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109 | Old Norse | reykr | rɛykr | cf. /lexeme/21606/ | B |
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36 | Icelandic | reykur | ˈreiːkʰʏr |
see also 'dust' /lexeme/8290 ...
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B |
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23 | Faroese | roykur | ˈɹɔiːkʰʊɹ | B |
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58 | Norwegian Riksmal | røyk (røk) | ɾœʏk | B |
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159 | Stavangersk | röïg | ʁœɪɡ | B |
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157 | Old Swedish | röker | ˈrøːker | B |
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69 | Swedish | rök | rø:k | B |
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71 | Swedish Vilhelmina | ROK | B |
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70 | Swedish Uppland | ROK | B |
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145 | Elfdalian | räk | ræːk | B |
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20 | Danish | røg | ʁʌjˀ | B |
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158 | Danish Fjolde | ryøg, ryøk | ɹyøɣ, ɹyøɡ | B |
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161 | Gutnish Lau | råik | roɪk | B |
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99 | Old English | rēoc | B |
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99 | Old English | smoca | E |
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22 | English | smoke | sməʊk | E |
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26 | Frisian | reek | re:k | removed RIIK. | B |
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21 | Dutch | rook | rok | B |
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24 | Flemish | ROOK | B |
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83 | Afrikaans | ROOK | B |
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87 | Sranan | SMOKO | E |
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126 | Old High German | rouh | B |
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27 | German | Rauch | raŭx | B |
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86 | Pennsylvania Dutch | SCHMOECK | E |
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120 | Luxembourgish | Damp | A |
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121 | German Switzerland | rouch | B |
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107 | Gothic | þymiama | ‘smoke sacrifice’ | A |
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112 | Latin | fūmus | ˈfuːmus | gen. fūmī | A |
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17 | Catalan | fum | fum | removed GASSA. | A |
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56 | Portuguese | fumo | 'fumu | A |
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68 | Spanish | humo | 'umo | A |
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61 | Sardinian Cagliari | FUMU | A |
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62 | Sardinian Logudoro | FUMU | A |
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63 | Sardinian Nuoro | UMU | A |
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85 | French Creole Dominica | LAFIME | A |
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76 | Walloon | FOUMIRE | A |
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25 | French | fumée | fyme | A |
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57 | Provencal | FUM, FUMADO | A |
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42 | Ladin | FUM | A |
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146 | Dolomite Ladino | fum | A |
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123 | Romansh | fugascha | < fugar < Lat focāre. |
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123 | Romansh | fem | A |
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122 | Friulian | fum(â) | A |
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39 | Italian | fumo | 'fumo | A |
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59 | Romanian | fum | A |
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74 | Vlach | FUMU | A |
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127 | Old Irish | múch | mu:x | (E) |
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127 | Old Irish | dé | dʹe: |
< IE *dhw-i(y)-Vt-; root ...
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A |
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101 | Middle Cornish | mog | mɔ:g | E |
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148 | Old Breton | moguet | E |
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172 | Middle Breton | moguet | ˈmoːget |
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12 | Breton | moged | E |
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79 | Welsh | mwg | E |
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38 | Irish | múch | (E) |
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38 | Irish | deatach | A |
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38 | Irish | toit | J |
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115 | Scottish Gaelic | ceò | same as 'dust' /cognate/1698/ |
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115 | Scottish Gaelic | toit | t̪ɔʰtʲ | J |
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115 | Scottish Gaelic | deathach | (A) |
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147 | Manx | jaagh | A |
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5 | [Legacy] Albanian T | tym |
Continues PAlb *ātuma connected with ...
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C |
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30 | [Legacy] Greek Md | KAPNOS | F |
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64 | [Legacy] Serbocroatian | DIM | A |
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113 | [Legacy] Serbian | dim | dîm | A |
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89 | [Legacy] Bulgarian P | DIM | A |
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49 | [Legacy] Macedonian | CAD |
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94 | [Legacy] Russian P | DYM | A |
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93 | [Legacy] Polish P | DYM | A |
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90 | [Legacy] Byelorussian P | DYM | A |
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98 | [Legacy] Ukrainian P | DYM | A |
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19 | [Legacy] Czech E | KUR | D |
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96 | [Legacy] Slovak P | DYM | A |
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91 | [Legacy] Czech P | DYM | A |
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67 | [Legacy] Slovenian | DIM | A |
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45 | [Legacy] Lithuanian O | DUMAI | A |
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11 | [Legacy] Brazilian | FUMO | A |
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142 | [Legacy] German Munich | Rauch | < Pr. Germ. *rauki- ‘smoke’. | B |
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84 | [Legacy] French Creole C | LAFIME | A |
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14 | [Legacy] Breton St | moged | 'mo:gɛt | E |
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13 | [Legacy] Breton Se | MOGED | E |
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78 | [Legacy] Welsh C | MWG | E |
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37 | [Legacy] Irish A | DEATACH (TOIT U.) | A |
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