IELex

earth

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wordlist: ‘all’

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Description

1. While digging the hole, he was throwing out the earth.
2. He took a handful of earth.
3. I don’t know whether that site contains sand or earth.

‘Earth’ as ‘soil’ (but not as a specialized professional term, e.g., Eng. ‘soil’ itself). To be separated from ‘ground’ (= ‘surface’), ‘land’ (= ‘dry land’ or ‘property’), etc. Also to be separated from specific kinds of soil (‘red earth’, ‘black earth’, ‘clayey soil’ etc.). Contexts are the same as in No.71 ‘sand’. Earth vs. dirt - both have moral connotations. 'Earth' is a close synonym with 'soil'. (Kassian et al. 2010)

Language list: all
Wordlist: all

ID Language Source Form Phonological Form Notes Cognate Class
114 Proto-Indo-European *dʰg̑ʰ(e)m, *dʰég̑ʰ-m C View
80 Hittite tēkan C View
133 Luvian tiyammis C View
81 Tocharian A tkaṃ C View
82 Tocharian B keṃ C View
88 Albanian dheu Also 'land'. From PAlb *dzo ... C View
143 Standard Albanian toka Orel gives tokë. Also 'land ... View
2 Albanian Sicily BOT D View
4 Albanian Corinth BOTE D View
3 Albanian Gheg dheu Also 'land'. From PAlb *dzo ... C View
6 Albanian Tosk dhe Also 'land'. From PAlb *dzo ... C View
110 Ancient Greek χθών kʰtʰɔ́ːn EXCLUDE. (C) View
110 Ancient Greek γῆ ɡɛ̑ː G.sg. γῆς. M View
152 Tsakonian χωμα I View
32 Greek γη ʝi EXCLUDE. Blažek does not consider ... (M) View
32 Greek χώμα ˈxo̞ma I View
31 Greek Lesbos CHOMA I View
129 Classical Armenian երկիր erkir Possible connection with Lith. erdve ... (U) View
129 Classical Armenian հող hoł i.e. 'ground, soil', also ... View
8 Armenian Eastern հող hɔʁ hoł fr. IE *pela-? , connected ... View
7 Armenian Western YERGIR split from DKB U View
7 Armenian Western KEDIN split from DKB, Martirosyan has ... View
7 Armenian Western հող hɔʁ View
128 Avestan zå C View
131 Old Persian būmiš (N) View
136 Sogdian γwrm(h) Sogdian L View
75 Wakhi XOK split from DKB K View
75 Wakhi SET split from DKB V View
9 Baluchi MITTI (E) View
118 Kurdish xak K View
118 Kurdish erd (W) View
137 Zazaki ḥer̄ (W) View
72 Tajik ZAMIN C View
54 Persian زمین zamin C View
77 Waziri KHOVRA, WATAN (X) View
1 Pashto XAK split from DKB K View
1 Pashto MDZEKA split from DKB (Y) View
138 Shughni sit (V) View
138 Shughni zimad C View
138 Shughni zamin C View
139 Sarikoli zыmoδ C View
139 Sarikoli sit (V) View
52 Ossetic SYDZYT V View
52 Ossetic zaexx zæχχ T View
124 Ossetic Iron žɐχχ žɐχχ T View
125 Ossetic Digor zɐnχɐ zɐnχɐ T View
154 Vasi-vari pərċe, puċé < pāṁsu 'sand, dust'. J View
154 Vasi-vari bīm N View
153 Askunu bŭm N View
153 Askunu palal Ab View
105 Vedic Sanskrit kṣā́s C View
162 Pāḷī bhūmi N View
41 Khaskura MATO E View
51 Nepali MATO E View
106 Assamese mati mati (E) View
102 Oriya bhũĩ bhũĩ ‘ground’ N View
102 Oriya maṭi maʈi ‘earth as substance, ground’ (E) View
10 Bengali MATI (E) View
111 Bihari sənsar sənsar ‘world’ (R) View
111 Bihari prithbi prithbi ‘earth’, prob. fr. Sanskr. pṛthu- ... (S) View
144 Magahi भइआं bʰuĩjɑ N View
144 Magahi जमीन ɟəmin (C) View
104 Marwari dhəra dhəra ‘earth’ Z View
104 Marwari jəmĩ jəmĩ (C) View
35 Hindi MITTI E View
119 Urdu زمِین zəmin (C) View
103 Sindhi bhũ N View
103 Sindhi sãisāru R View
43 Lahnda ZEMIN (C) View
53 Punjabi MITTI E View
33 Gujarati MATI E View
50 Marathi dzamīn dzə'min (C) View
50 Marathi prthwī pɽtʰwi: S View
50 Marathi mati E View
40 Kashmiri METSU E View
40 Kashmiri ZAMIN (C) View
65 Sinhalese PASA J View
34 Romani Greece POSU J View
100 Old Church Slavonic зємля, зєм(ь)я zɛmʎa, zɛmja C View
95 Serbo-Croatian zemlja ˈzɛ̌mʎa C View
15 Bulgarian земя zɘˈmʲa 'почва, пръст' are rather professional ... C View
92 Macedonian земја ˈzemja C View
60 Russian земля zʲɛm'lʲa C View
55 Polish ziemia ˈʑɛmja C View
16 Belarusian зямля zʲaˈmlʲa An alternative lexeme is 'глеба ... C View
73 Ukrainian земля zɛˈmlʲa C View
66 Slovak zem zɛm C View
18 Czech země ˈzɛmɲɛ C View
48 Sorbian Upper zemja ˈzemja C View
47 Sorbian Lower zemja ˈzemja C View
97 Slovenian zemlja ˈzɛ̂ːmlja C View
108 Old Prussian semmē C View
44 Latvian zeme C View
46 Lithuanian žemė ˈʒʲæ:mʲe: C View
109 Old Norse jo̜rð jɔrð ‘ground, tellus’ (B) View
109 Old Norse mold mold H View
36 Icelandic jörð jœrð From Old Norse jǫrð, from ... B View
36 Icelandic mold mɔld H View
23 Faroese mold mɔld̥ split from DKB H View
23 Faroese jørð jøːɹ split from DKB. Changed from ... B View
58 Norwegian Riksmal jord juːɾ B View
58 Norwegian Riksmal mold, muld H View
159 Stavangersk jor juːʁ B View
159 Stavangersk måll mɔlː H View
157 Old Swedish jorð joːrð B View
157 Old Swedish muld muld H View
69 Swedish jord juːɖ B View
69 Swedish mull mɵlː H View
71 Swedish Vilhelmina JOL B View
70 Swedish Uppland MARK split from DKB View
70 Swedish Uppland JORD split from DKB B View
145 Elfdalian muld mʉld H View
20 Danish jord joˀɐ̯ B View
20 Danish muld mulˀ H View
158 Danish Fjolde juor juoɹ B View
160 Old Gutnish iorþ B View
161 Gutnish Lau muld muld H View
161 Gutnish Lau jård joːrd B View
99 Old English eorþe B View
22 English earth ɜ:θ B View
26 Frisian ierde 'i.ədə B View
21 Dutch aarde 'ardə B View
24 Flemish AERDE B View
83 Afrikaans AARDE B View
87 Sranan GRON View
126 Old High German erda B View
27 German Erde 'e:ɐ̯də B View
86 Pennsylvania Dutch AIIRD B View
120 Luxembourgish Buedem comp. Lat. FUNDUS View
121 German Switzerland härd B View
107 Gothic aírþa B View
130 Oscan teras gen. F View
112 Latin humus ˈhumus G.sg. humī; EXCLUDED. (C) View
112 Latin terra ˈterːa G.sg. terrae F View
17 Catalan terra ˈtɛrə F View
56 Portuguese terra ˈtɛʀɐ split from DKB F View
56 Portuguese solo split from DKB O View
56 Portuguese CHAO split from DKB View
68 Spanish tierra 'tjera F View
61 Sardinian Cagliari TERRA F View
62 Sardinian Logudoro TERRINU F View
63 Sardinian Nuoro TERRA F View
85 French Creole Dominica TE F View
76 Walloon TERE, TERE F View
25 French terre tɛʀ F View
57 Provencal TERRO F View
42 Ladin TERRA F View
146 Dolomite Ladino tèrå F View
123 Romansh tiara F View
122 Friulian tiere F View
39 Italian terra 'tɛrra F View
59 Romanian SOL split from DKB View
59 Romanian pământ split from DKB, fr. Lat ... View
74 Vlach CARE View
140 Gaulish diarā Reconstructed form, based on attestations ... G View
140 Gaulish talamo- Reconstructed form, based on attestations ... A View
127 Old Irish tír tʹi:rʹ (F) View
127 Old Irish cré kʹrʹe: Q View
127 Old Irish talam taləṽ < IE root Wz. *tel(ə ... (A) View
149 Old Cornish tir (F) View
149 Old Cornish doer G View
101 Middle Cornish gweres 'gwɛrɛs View
101 Middle Cornish tir ti:r (F) View
101 Middle Cornish dor dɔ:r (G) View
148 Old Breton tir (F) View
148 Old Breton doiar G View
172 Middle Breton douar ˈduːar G View
12 Breton douar ˈduːar G View
150 Old Welsh dayr G View
150 Old Welsh tir (F) View
79 Welsh pridd split from DKB Q View
79 Welsh daear split from DKB G View
79 Welsh tir (F) View
38 Irish tír (F) View
38 Irish cré Q View
38 Irish talamh (A) View
115 Scottish Gaelic talamh A View
115 Scottish Gaelic tír (F) View
147 Manx thalloo A View
5 [Legacy] Albanian T dhe ðɛ Also 'land'. From PAlb *dzo ... C View
5 [Legacy] Albanian T tokë Also 'land, soil, ground, plot ... View
29 [Legacy] Greek K CHOMA I View
28 [Legacy] Greek D CHOMA I View
30 [Legacy] Greek Md CHOMA I View
64 [Legacy] Serbocroatian ZEMLJA C View
113 [Legacy] Serbian zemlja zěmʎa C View
113 [Legacy] Serbian tlo ‘soil’ View
113 [Legacy] Serbian domovina ‘soil’ View
89 [Legacy] Bulgarian P ZEM A C View
49 [Legacy] Macedonian ZEMJA C View
94 [Legacy] Russian P ZEML A C View
93 [Legacy] Polish P ZIEMIA C View
90 [Legacy] Byelorussian P Z AML A C View
98 [Legacy] Ukrainian P ZEML A C View
19 [Legacy] Czech E ZEM, HLINA C View
96 [Legacy] Slovak P ZEM C View
91 [Legacy] Czech P ZEME C View
67 [Legacy] Slovenian ZEMLA C View
45 [Legacy] Lithuanian O ZEME C View
11 [Legacy] Brazilian SOLO F View
142 [Legacy] German Munich Erde B View
84 [Legacy] French Creole C TE F View
14 [Legacy] Breton St tir (F) View
14 [Legacy] Breton St douar ˈduːaʁ G View
13 [Legacy] Breton Se DOUAR G View
78 [Legacy] Welsh C PRIDD Q View
37 [Legacy] Irish A CRE split from DKB Q View
37 [Legacy] Irish A ITHIR split from DKB, maybe related ... F View