ID |
Language |
Source Form |
Phonological Form |
Notes |
Cognate Class |
80 |
Hittite |
paddai |
|
|
J
|
|
81 |
Tocharian A |
rpeñc |
|
(3pl.)
|
S
|
|
82 |
Tocharian B |
rapanaṃ |
|
|
S
|
|
88 |
Albanian |
GERMOJ |
|
|
C
|
|
143 |
Standard Albanian |
gërmoj |
|
Derived < gërmë 'letter', a borrowing ...
|
C
|
|
2 |
Albanian Sicily |
KAVAR |
|
|
B
|
|
4 |
Albanian Corinth |
REMON |
|
|
D
|
|
3 |
Albanian Gheg |
GERMOJ |
|
|
C
|
|
6 |
Albanian Tosk |
MIN, AOR. MIVA |
|
|
|
|
110 |
Ancient Greek |
ὀρύττω |
orýtːɔː |
Inf. ὀρύττειν (Ion. ὀρύσσειν).
|
O
|
|
110 |
Ancient Greek |
σκάπτω |
skáptɔː |
Inf. σκάπτειν.
|
B
|
|
32 |
Greek |
σκάβω |
ˈskavo̞ |
Present stem σκάβω backformed to ...
|
B
|
|
31 |
Greek Lesbos |
SKABO |
|
|
B
|
|
129 |
Classical Armenian |
փորեմ |
pʰɔɾ-ɛ-m |
p‘orem
|
E
|
|
129 |
Classical Armenian |
պեղեմ |
pełem |
|
|
|
129 |
Classical Armenian |
բրեմ |
brem |
|
|
|
8 |
Armenian Eastern |
փորել |
pʰoˈɾɛl |
|
E
|
|
7 |
Armenian Western |
փորել |
pʰoˈrɛl |
|
E
|
|
128 |
Avestan |
kanaiti |
|
|
Ad
|
|
131 |
Old Persian |
kantiy |
|
|
Ad
|
|
136 |
Sogdian |
qn- |
|
Christian
|
Ad
|
|
75 |
Wakhi |
PUS- |
|
|
A
|
|
9 |
Baluchi |
PHATAGH, KATAGH |
|
split from DKB
|
V
|
|
9 |
Baluchi |
JANAGH |
|
split from DKB, maybe Bal ...
|
U
|
|
137 |
Zazaki |
kendiš |
|
|
Ad
|
|
72 |
Tajik |
KANDAN |
|
split from DKB
|
Ad
|
|
72 |
Tajik |
KOFTAN |
|
split from DKB
|
B
|
|
54 |
Persian |
BILZADAN |
|
|
W
|
|
77 |
Waziri |
KANDEL |
|
|
Ad
|
|
1 |
Pashto |
KINEL, KINDEL |
|
|
Ad
|
|
138 |
Shughni |
čān |
|
|
X
|
|
139 |
Sarikoli |
kɛw |
|
|
Ad
|
|
52 |
Ossetic |
k'axyn |
kʲaχɨn |
maybe the same as Oss ...
|
T
|
|
124 |
Ossetic Iron |
k'aχ- |
k'aχ- |
|
T
|
|
125 |
Ossetic Digor |
k'aχ- |
k'aχ- |
|
T
|
|
105 |
Vedic Sanskrit |
khánati |
|
|
Ad
|
|
162 |
Pāḷī |
khaṇati |
|
|
Ad
|
|
41 |
Khaskura |
KHANNU |
|
|
Ad
|
|
51 |
Nepali |
KHANNU |
|
|
Ad
|
|
106 |
Assamese |
khand |
khand |
|
Ad
|
|
102 |
Oriya |
khoḷiba |
khoɭiba |
|
F
|
|
10 |
Bengali |
KHODAI |
|
split from DKB
|
F
|
|
10 |
Bengali |
KORA |
|
split from DKB
|
Y
|
|
111 |
Bihari |
khuəb |
khuəb |
|
Ad
|
|
144 |
Magahi |
खोदना |
kʰod̪ənɑ |
|
Ad
|
|
144 |
Magahi |
खनना |
kʰənnɑ |
|
Ad
|
|
104 |
Marwari |
khod |
khod |
infl. form?
|
F
|
|
35 |
Hindi |
KHODNA |
|
|
F
|
|
119 |
Urdu |
کھودنا |
kʰod̪nə |
|
F
|
|
103 |
Sindhi |
kharnarnu |
|
‘to bring, to lift; carry ...
|
|
|
43 |
Lahnda |
KHODEN |
|
|
F
|
|
53 |
Punjabi |
KHODNA |
|
|
F
|
|
33 |
Gujarati |
KHODWU |
|
|
F
|
|
50 |
Marathi |
khodne |
'kʰodɳe |
|
Ad
|
|
40 |
Kashmiri |
KHANUN |
|
|
Ad
|
|
65 |
Sinhalese |
HARANAWA |
|
|
Z
|
|
34 |
Romani Greece |
SKAVO |
|
|
(B)
|
|
100 |
Old Church Slavonic |
копати |
kɔpɑti |
A possible alternative lexeme would ...
|
B
|
|
95 |
Serbo-Croatian |
kopati |
ˈkɔ̌pati |
|
B
|
|
15 |
Bulgarian |
копая |
kuˈpajə |
An alternative lexeme is 'рия ...
|
B
|
|
92 |
Macedonian |
копа |
ˈkopa |
An alternative lexeme is 'рие ...
|
B
|
|
60 |
Russian |
рыть |
rɨtʲ |
|
O
|
|
60 |
Russian |
копать |
kɔˈpatʲ |
|
B
|
|
55 |
Polish |
kopać |
ˈkɔpaʨ |
Lit. 'to kick a hole ...
|
B
|
|
16 |
Belarusian |
капаць |
kaˈpatsʲ |
An alternative lexeme 'рыць' is ...
|
B
|
|
73 |
Ukrainian |
копати |
kɔˈpatɪ |
|
B
|
|
66 |
Slovak |
kopať |
ˈkɔpac |
|
B
|
|
18 |
Czech |
kopat |
ˈkɔpat |
An alternative lexeme is 'rýt ...
|
B
|
|
48 |
Sorbian Upper |
ryć |
ʀɘ̟tʃ |
An alternative lexeme is 'kopać ...
|
O
|
|
47 |
Sorbian Lower |
ryś |
rɘ̟ɕ |
An alternative lexeme is 'kopaś ...
|
O
|
|
97 |
Slovenian |
kopati |
kɔˈpǎːti |
|
B
|
|
108 |
Old Prussian |
rawas |
|
‚ditch’
|
O
|
|
44 |
Latvian |
ròk |
|
|
Q
|
|
46 |
Lithuanian |
KASTI |
|
|
L
|
|
109 |
Old Norse |
grafa |
ˈɡrava |
AF grefr
|
N
|
|
36 |
Icelandic |
grafa |
ˈɡ̊raːva |
|
N
|
|
23 |
Faroese |
grava |
ˈɡ̊ɹɛaːva |
|
N
|
|
58 |
Norwegian Riksmal |
grave |
ˈɡɾàːʋə |
|
N
|
|
159 |
Stavangersk |
grava |
ˈgʁɑ̀ːʋa |
|
N
|
|
157 |
Old Swedish |
grava |
ˈɡraːva |
|
N
|
|
69 |
Swedish |
gräva |
ˈgrɛ̀:va |
|
N
|
|
71 |
Swedish Vilhelmina |
GRAVA GRAVA |
|
|
N
|
|
70 |
Swedish Uppland |
GRAVA |
|
|
N
|
|
145 |
Elfdalian |
gråvå |
ˈgrɔ̀vɔ |
|
N
|
|
20 |
Danish |
grave |
ˈg̥ʁɑːvə |
|
N
|
|
158 |
Danish Fjolde |
greev |
ɡɹeːw |
|
N
|
|
160 |
Old Gutnish |
grafa |
|
infinitive not attested
|
N
|
|
161 |
Gutnish Lau |
gravä |
ˈɡrɑːvɛ |
|
N
|
|
99 |
Old English |
dilfþ |
|
|
P
|
|
99 |
Old English |
græfþ |
|
|
N
|
|
22 |
English |
to dig |
dɪg |
Prob < OFr diguer 'to make ...
|
(I)
|
|
26 |
Frisian |
DOLLE |
|
split from DKB, comp. Fris ...
|
|
|
26 |
Frisian |
grave |
'gra:və |
split from DKB
|
N
|
|
21 |
Dutch |
delven |
'dɛlvə(n) |
|
P
|
|
21 |
Dutch |
graven |
ˈɣravə |
|
N
|
|
24 |
Flemish |
GRAVEN |
|
split from DKB
|
N
|
|
24 |
Flemish |
DELVEN |
|
split from DKB
|
P
|
|
83 |
Afrikaans |
GRAAF, GRAWE |
|
|
N
|
|
87 |
Sranan |
DIKI |
|
|
(I)
|
|
126 |
Old High German |
grebit |
|
|
N
|
|
126 |
Old High German |
telban |
|
|
P
|
|
27 |
German |
graben |
'gra:bn̩ |
|
N
|
|
86 |
Pennsylvania Dutch |
GRAWB |
|
|
N
|
|
120 |
Luxembourgish |
buddelen |
|
|
|
|
121 |
German Switzerland |
grabe |
|
|
N
|
|
107 |
Gothic |
grabiþ |
|
|
N
|
|
112 |
Latin |
fodere |
ˈfodere |
fodiō, fodere, fōdī, fossum; identical ...
|
J
|
|
17 |
Catalan |
PENETRAR |
|
split from DKB
|
|
|
17 |
Catalan |
cavar |
kə'βa |
split from DKB
|
G
|
|
56 |
Portuguese |
cavar |
kɐˈvaɾ |
|
G
|
|
68 |
Spanish |
cavar |
ka'βaɾ |
|
G
|
|
61 |
Sardinian Cagliari |
SKAVAI |
|
|
G
|
|
62 |
Sardinian Logudoro |
ISCAVARE |
|
|
G
|
|
63 |
Sardinian Nuoro |
ISKAVARE |
|
|
G
|
|
85 |
French Creole Dominica |
FWIYE |
|
|
J
|
|
76 |
Walloon |
TCHABOTER |
|
|
|
|
25 |
French |
creuser |
kʀøze |
< CREUX 'hollow' (Buck)
|
|
|
57 |
Provencal |
FURA |
|
split from DKB
|
J
|
|
57 |
Provencal |
CAVA |
|
split from DKB
|
G
|
|
42 |
Ladin |
CHAVER |
|
|
G
|
|
146 |
Dolomite Ladino |
giavà |
|
|
G
|
|
123 |
Romansh |
chavar, stgavar |
|
|
G
|
|
122 |
Friulian |
sgjavâ, sgarfâ |
|
|
G
|
|
39 |
Italian |
vangare |
van'gare |
split from DKB, < VANGA 'spade ...
|
|
|
39 |
Italian |
scavare |
ska'vare |
split from DKB
|
G
|
|
59 |
Romanian |
a săpa |
|
|
M
|
|
59 |
Romanian |
a excava |
a ek.skaˈva |
|
G
|
|
74 |
Vlach |
SAPU |
|
|
M
|
|
127 |
Old Irish |
claidid |
klaðʹəðʹ |
|
H
|
|
101 |
Middle Cornish |
palas |
'palas |
AF palas
|
K
|
|
172 |
Middle Breton |
caffaff, cauaf |
ˈkaːuaṽ |
Only attested in the Catholicon ...
|
(G)
|
|
172 |
Middle Breton |
cleusy |
ˈkløːðiṽ, ˈkløːsi |
Only attested in a lexicographical ...
|
H
|
|
12 |
Breton |
TOULLA |
|
split from DKB
|
(R)
|
|
12 |
Breton |
kleuzañ |
ˈkløːzã |
|
H
|
|
12 |
Breton |
kawañ, kawiñ |
ˈkawɑ̃, ˈkaːvǝ, ˈkaɥɛɲ |
EXCLUDED. Seems to be extremely ...
|
(G)
|
|
79 |
Welsh |
cloddio |
|
split from DKB
|
H
|
|
79 |
Welsh |
PALU (DIG A GARDEN) |
|
split from DKB
|
(K)
|
|
38 |
Irish |
tochail |
|
|
H
|
|
38 |
Irish |
rómhair |
|
|
(O)
|
|
115 |
Scottish Gaelic |
cladhaich |
|
= Lat. CLADES 'injury', Grk. KALOS ...
|
H
|
|
5 |
[Legacy] Albanian T |
ME REMIRE |
|
|
D
|
|
29 |
[Legacy] Greek K |
SKAPTO |
|
|
B
|
|
28 |
[Legacy] Greek D |
SKABO |
|
|
B
|
|
30 |
[Legacy] Greek Md |
SKABO |
|
|
B
|
|
64 |
[Legacy] Serbocroatian |
KOPATI |
|
|
B
|
|
113 |
[Legacy] Serbian |
kopati |
kǒpati |
|
B
|
|
89 |
[Legacy] Bulgarian P |
KOPAJA |
|
|
B
|
|
49 |
[Legacy] Macedonian |
KOPA |
|
split from DKB
|
B
|
|
49 |
[Legacy] Macedonian |
GREBE |
|
split from DKB
|
(N)
|
|
94 |
[Legacy] Russian P |
KOPAT |
|
|
B
|
|
93 |
[Legacy] Polish P |
KOPAC |
|
|
B
|
|
90 |
[Legacy] Byelorussian P |
KAPAC |
|
|
B
|
|
98 |
[Legacy] Ukrainian P |
KOPATY |
|
|
B
|
|
19 |
[Legacy] Czech E |
KOPAT |
|
|
B
|
|
96 |
[Legacy] Slovak P |
KOPAT |
|
|
B
|
|
91 |
[Legacy] Czech P |
KOPATI |
|
|
B
|
|
67 |
[Legacy] Slovenian |
KOPAT |
|
|
B
|
|
45 |
[Legacy] Lithuanian O |
KASTI |
|
|
L
|
|
11 |
[Legacy] Brazilian |
CAVAR |
|
|
G
|
|
142 |
[Legacy] German Munich |
graben |
|
< Pr. Germ. *graban- ‘to dig’.
|
N
|
|
84 |
[Legacy] French Creole C |
FUYE FWIYE |
|
|
J
|
|
14 |
[Legacy] Breton St |
kleuziañ |
'kløzjã |
split from DKB. 'To build ...
|
H
|
|
14 |
[Legacy] Breton St |
toullañ |
'tulã |
split from DKB
|
R
|
|
13 |
[Legacy] Breton Se |
KLAUEIN |
|
|
H
|
|
78 |
[Legacy] Welsh C |
PALU |
|
|
K
|
|
37 |
[Legacy] Irish A |
ROMHAR |
|
|
O
|
|