ID | Meaning | Source Form | Phonological Form | Gloss | Notes | nCog |
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82 | I | me | ˈmeː |
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1 | all | holl | ˈɔlː |
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2 | and | ha(g) | a, aɡ |
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3 | animal | loen | ˈlwẽːn, ˈlɔ̃ːn |
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3 | animal | aneval | ãˈneːval | animal |
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4 | ashes | ludu | ˈlyːdy | ashes |
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5 | at | e(n) | e, en |
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6 | back | kein | ˈkɛjn |
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7 | bad | fall | ˈfalː |
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7 | bad | drouk | ˈdruːk | evil, nasty, mean; also angry |
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7 | bad | gwall | ˈgwalː |
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8 | bark | rusk | ˈrysk | Collective |
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9 | because | abalamour | ˌabaˈlɑ̃mur, aˈblɑ̃mǝr, blɑ̃m | due to, because of, because, so that, in order that |
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9 | because | dre ma | dre ma | because, as | contains the preposition dre 'by, ... |
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9 | because | o veza ma | o ˈveːza ma (veǝ, veɑ̃) | given that | contains the particle o + ... |
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9 | because | peogwir | pewˈgɥiːr | since | Developed from the phrase Leoneg ... |
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9 | because | rag ma, rak ma | rak ma | because | contains the preposition rag, rak ... |
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10 | belly | tor | ˈtoːr | paunch, belly, flank |
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10 | belly | kof | ˈkoːf |
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11 | big | bras | ˈbraːs | prob. from Lat.: grossus 'thick, ... |
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12 | bird | labous | ˈlaːbus | bird, chick |
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12 | bird | evn | ˈẽvn, ˈẽwn, ẽːn | bird, chick |
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13 | bite | krogiñ, kregiñ | ˈkroːgĩ, ˈkreːgĩ | to hook, to catch, to grap, to seize, to bite (dog) |
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14 | black | du | ˈdyː |
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15 | blood | gwad | ˈgwɑːt | blood |
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16 | blow | c'hwezhañ | ˈxweːzã | to blow |
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17 | bone | askorn | ˈaskɔrn | bone; stone or kernel (of a fruit) | According to Schrijver (1995, 53-55) ... |
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18 | breast | bronn | ˈbrɔ̃nː | breast, tit, something outstanding |
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19 | breathe | analañ, analiñ | ãˈnɑːlã | to breathe, to pant |
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19 | breathe | c'hwezhañ, c'houeza | ˈxweːzã | to blow | AF: DIC'HOUEZA, see 'blow' in ... |
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19 | breathe | tennañ e anal | ˈtɛnːã e ˈãːnal | to breathe | Light-verb construction, literally 'to draw ... |
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20 | burn | loskañ, leskiñ | ˈlɔskã, ˈleskĩ | to burn, to burn to ashes |
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21 | child | bugel | ˈbyːɡɛl |
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22 | cloud | koumoulenn | kuˈmuːlɛn | cloud | Singulative. The corresponding collective is ... |
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23 | cold | yen | ˈjẽːn | cold (in physical and in moral sense, cruel) |
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24 | come | dont | ˈdɔ̃nt | to come |
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25 | count | jedañ, jediñ | ˈʒeːdã, ˈʒeːdĩ | to count |
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25 | count | kontañ | ˈkɔ̃ntã | to count; to tell, to relate |
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25 | count | niveriñ | niˈveːrĩ | to count, to number, to enumerate | From niver 'number' |
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26 | cut | troc'hañ | ˈtroːɣã | to cut, to cut off |
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26 | cut | skejañ | ˈskeːʒã | split from DKB |
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27 | day | deiz | ˈdɛj(s), ˈdeː | day |
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28 | die | mervel | ˈmɛrvɛl | to die, to turn off, to extinguish, to become insensible (limbs) |
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29 | dig | kawañ, kawiñ | ˈkawɑ̃, ˈkaːvǝ, ˈkaɥɛɲ | to dig, to excavate | EXCLUDED. Seems to be extremely ... |
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29 | dig | kleuzañ | ˈkløːzã | to dig, to indent |
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29 | dig | TOULLA | split from DKB |
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30 | dirty | lastez | ˈlaste(s) | refuse, filth | Collective noun, which can used ... |
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30 | dirty | lous | ˈluːs | dirty |
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30 | dirty | FANK | split from DKB |
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30 | dirty | louan, loued | grey, hairy, modly | EXCLUDED. Not the Swadesh term. ... |
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30 | dirty | loudour | ˈluːdur | dirty, messy, untidy, Fr. malpropre | Can be used as a ... |
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30 | dirty | louidik | EXCLUDED. Not contained in the ... |
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31 | dog | ki | ˈkiː | dog |
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32 | drink | evañ | ˈeːvã | to drink |
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33 | dry | sec'h | ˈseːx | dry | The inherited word, hesk 'dry' ... |
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34 | dull | TALTOUZA | split from DKB |
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34 | dull | KIZA | split from DKB |
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34 | dull | dall | ˈdalː | blind, dull |
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35 | dust | poultr | ˈpult(r) | powder, dust |
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36 | ear | skouarn | ˈskuːarn, ˈskwarn | ear, gills (of fish), handle, |
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37 | earth | douar | ˈduːar | earth, soil, ground, territory |
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38 | eat | debriñ | ˈdebrĩ | to eat |
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39 | egg | ui, vi | ˈviː, ˈɥiː | egg, gonad, larva |
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40 | eye | lagad | ˈlɑːgat | eye, eyelet |
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41 | fall | kouezhañ | ˈkweː(z)ã | to fall, to fall due |
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42 | far | lark | large, spacious | EXCLUDED. Not the Swadesh term |
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42 | far | pell | ˈpɛlː | far, long, for a long time |
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42 | far | diabell | diaˈbɛl | far away, from far, horizon, perspective | EXCLUDED. Rare and not the ... |
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43 | fat | lard | ˈlart | fat | noun and adjective |
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44 | father | tad | ˈtaːt | father; also male (of bird etc.), champion |
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45 | fear | doujañ | ˈduːʒã | to dread, to make respect, to respect | EXCLUDED. Not the Swadesh term. |
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45 | fear | kaout (endevout) aon | ˈkɔwd ˈãwn | to fear | Light-verb construction: 'to have fear'. |
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46 | feather | pluenn, pluñvenn | ˈplyːɛn, ˈplỹːven | feather, trigger, bolt | Singulative. The corresponding collective is ... |
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47 | few | nebeut | ˈneːbøt | few, a few, some |
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48 | fight | kannañ | ˈkãnːã | to fight, to hit; to bleach, to wash |
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49 | fingernail | ivin | ˈiːvin | fingernail |
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50 | fire | tan | ˈtãːn | fire, ardour |
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51 | fish | pesk | ˈpesk | fish |
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52 | five | pemp | ˈpɛmp, ˈpẽmp | five |
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53 | float | flodiñ, flodañ | ˈfloːdĩ, ˈfloːdã | to float | also flotañ, -iñ |
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53 | float | NEUI, BEZA WAR NEUN, WAR VORDO |
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54 | flow | redek | ˈreːdǝg-k | to run, also to flow |
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54 | flow | BERA | split from DKB |
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54 | flow | DIVERA | split from DKB |
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55 | flower | bleuñvenn, bleunienn | ˈblœ̃wɛn, ˈblœ̃niɛn | flower |
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56 | fly | nijal | ˈniːʒal | to fly |
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57 | fog | LUGENN |
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57 | fog | LATAR |
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57 | fog | MOGIDELL | prob. fr. MOG 'hearth', this ... |
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57 | fog | morenn | related to MOR 'sea'? singulative ... |
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57 | fog | brumenn | ˈbrymːɛn, ˈbrymɛn | mist, fog | Difficult to ascertain which of ... |
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57 | fog | LUSENN |
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58 | foot | troad | ˈtrwɑːt | foot |
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59 | four | pevar | ˈpeːvar | four | pevar (m.), peder (f.) |
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60 | freeze | reviñ | ˈreːvĩ | to freeze, to decay |
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61 | fruit | frouezh, frwezh | ˈfrweːs | fruit |
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62 | full | leun | ˈløːn | full, complete, whole; also covered |
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63 | give | reiñ |
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64 | good | da |
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64 | good | mat | ˈmaːt | good |
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65 | grass | geot |
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65 | grass | LETON |
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66 | green | glas | ˈglaːs | green (vegetable); blue; grey, dirty, pallid; fresh (wind) |
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66 | green | gwer | generally artificial |
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67 | guts | bouzellen |
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68 | hair | blev, blew, bleo | ˈblɛw | hair(s), hair of skalp, coat (of animal) |
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69 | hand | dorn | ˈdɔrn | hand, fist |
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70 | he | eñ, eñv | ẽː, ẽw | he |
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71 | head | penn | ˈpɛnː | head; chief; end, top; ear |
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72 | hear | klevet | ˈklɛːvɛt | to hear, to feel |
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73 | heart | kalon | ˈkaːlon | heart, soul |
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74 | heavy | ponner, pounner | 'pɔ̃nɛr, 'pũnɛr | heavy; grave, serious, exaggerated |
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75 | here | amañ | ˈɑ̃mɑ̃ | here, from here |
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76 | hit | skoiñ, skeiñ | ˈskoi, ˈskei | to beat, to hit;to paralyse, to run aground (boat); to ring; to direct (oneself) |
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77 | hold | dalc'hen, delc'her, derc'hel | ˈdalxen, ˈdɛlxɛr, ˈdɛrxɛl | to hold; to keep, to support, to maintain |
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78 | horn | korn | ˈkɔrn | corner, edge; horn (of animal); horn (musical instrument), pioe |
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79 | how | penaos | peˈnoːs | how |
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80 | hunt | hemolc'hiñ | heˈmolxĩ | to chase, to exhaust, to tire out, to pull down; to be in rut (cow or bull) | Unclear if this is the ... |
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80 | hunt | chaseal, chasseal | ʃaˈseal | to hunt, to send off, to expel |
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81 | husband | pried |
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81 | husband | gwaz |
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81 | husband | ozac'h | ˈoːzax | grown up and married man; head of household / family / farm) | Can be used in certain ... |
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83 | ice | skorn | ˈskɔrn | ice |
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84 | if | ma | ma | that, if | Subordinating conjunction |
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85 | in | en, e | e, en | in, at |
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86 | kill | lazañ | ˈlaːzã | to kill, to turn off, to extinguish, to offend |
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87 | knee | glin | ˈgliːn | knee |
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88 | know | gouzout | ˈguːzut | to know | Compound of Old Breton guid-, ... |
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89 | lake | lenn | ˈlɛnː | lake, pond; basin, wash house |
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89 | lake | loc'h |
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90 | laugh | c'hoarzhin | ˈxwarzin | to laugh; to smile |
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91 | leaf | delienn | ˈdeljen | leaf (of tree etc.) | singulative |
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92 | left | kleiz | ˈklɛjs | left, left-side; left-handed, short-tempered |
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93 | leg | gar | ˈgaːr | jambe |
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94 | lie | bezañ en e c'hourvez/bezañ gourvezet | ˈbeːzã en e ˈxurves/ˈbeːzã gurˈveːzet | to lie | Light-verb constructions. 1. bezañ 'to ... |
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95 | live | bevañ | ˈbeːwã | to live, to nourrish |
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96 | liver | avu | ˈaːvy | liver |
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97 | long | hir | ˈhiːr, ˈiːr | long (distance and time) |
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98 | louse | laouenn | ˈlauɛn | louse | Singulative; the corresponding collective is ... |
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99 | man | paotr |
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99 | man | den | ˈdẽːn | human being; man, husband, person | Not the Swadesh term if ... |
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100 | many | kalz | ˈkals | many, much |
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101 | meat | kig | ˈkiːk | flesh, meat |
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102 | moon | loar | ˈlwaːr, ˈloar | moon |
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103 | mother | mamm | ˈmamː, mɑ̃mː | mother, mommy |
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104 | mountain | menez | ˈmeːnǝs | mountain, mount |
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105 | mouth | genoù | ˈgeːnu, ˈgeːnow | mouth |
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106 | name | anv, anw, ano | ˈɑ̃nw, ˈɑ̃ːno | name |
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107 | narrow | moan | thin, slim, small, slight, gracious | EXCLUDED. |
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107 | narrow | strizh | striːs | narrow; strict, rigoureux, stern |
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107 | narrow | enk | eŋ-k | narrow, cramped, tiny | Ex. un toull enk, re ... |
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108 | near | nes | nearer; near, close, intimate | EXCULDED. Comparative. Although the comparative ... |
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108 | near | tost | ˈtɔst | near; almost; sparing, severe |
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108 | near | e-kichen | next to, nearby | EXCLUDED. |
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109 | neck | gouzoug | ˈguːzuk, ˈguːk | neck, throat |
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110 | new | nevez | ˈneːves, ˈneːvǝ | new; recent, novel, fresh |
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111 | night | noz | ˈnoːs | night, evening |
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112 | nose | fri | ˈfriː | nose |
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113 | not | ne ... ket | ne ... ket | not | Ne is the negator used ... |
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113 | not | na, nag ... ket | na, nac ... ket | not | EXCLUDED. Verbal negator in subordinate ... |
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114 | old | kozh | ˈkoːs | old, ancient, wretched |
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114 | old | HIR-HOALET | HIR 'long' < IE *sēi ... |
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115 | one | un, unan | yn, ˈynan | one | Un is used adjectivally, unan ... |
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116 | other | all, arall | ˈalː, aˈralː | other, next | arall is the reduplicated form ... |
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117 | person | den | ˈdeːn | human being; man, husband, person |
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118 | play | EBATA | split from DKB |
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118 | play | c'hoari | ˈxoaːri, ˈxwaːri | to play, to play music |
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119 | pull | tennañ | ˈtɛnːã | to pull, to remove (oneself), to take away |
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119 | pull | sachañ |
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120 | push | ˈboutañ, ˈbountañ | ˈbutã, ˈbuntã | to push, to kick (away), to cut, to stick, to get rancid (butter) |
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120 | push | poulzañ | ˈpulsã | to push, to cough, to tarnish |
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121 | rain | glav, glaw, glao | ˈglaw | rain |
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122 | red | ruz | ˈryː, ˈryːz | red |
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123 | right | EEUN |
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123 | right | GWIRION |
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123 | right | reizh | ˈreːjs, ˈreːs | right, straight, just, correct |
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123 | right | REIZEK | legitimate | EXCLUDED. Not the Swadesh term. |
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124 | rightside | dehoù | ˈdeːhoʷ, ˈdeː(h)u | rightside, south |
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125 | river | ster |
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126 | road | hent | ˈhent, ˈent | way, road |
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127 | root | gwrizienn | ˈg(w)ri(z)jɛn | root | singulative |
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128 | rope | kordenn | ˈkɔrdɛn | rope, fishing line |
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129 | rotten | brein | ˈbrejn | rotten, being in a bad state, uncultivated |
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130 | round | ront | ˈront | round |
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130 | round | krenn | ˈkrɛnː | average, neat, complete, round |
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131 | rub | frotañ | ˈfrɔtã | to rub, to thrash |
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131 | rub | RENVIA |
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131 | rub | rimiañ, rimiat | to scrape, to scrape off, to rub | EXCLUDED. |
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131 | rub | SKRABARUZA | see /cognate/2888/ |
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132 | salt | holen | ˈhoːlen, ˈoːlen | salt |
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133 | sand | traezh | ˈtrɛːz | sand; shore, beach |
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134 | say | lavared | laˈvaːred | to say, to promise |
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135 | scratch | skrabat, kravat |
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136 | sea | mor |
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137 | see | gwelet |
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138 | seed | had |
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139 | sew | gwriat |
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140 | sharp | lemm |
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141 | short | berr |
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142 | sing | kanañ |
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143 | sit | azezañ |
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144 | skin | kroc'hen |
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145 | sky | NENV | may be cogn. with /cognate/1172/, ... |
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146 | sleep | kousket |
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146 | sleep | HUNIA | AF: HUNI; 'sleep' (n.) |
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147 | small | bihan |
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148 | smell | EUR C'HOUEZ |
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148 | smell | klevet | split from DKB |
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149 | smoke | moged |
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150 | smooth | lintr | split from DKB |
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150 | smooth | LUFR | split from DKB |
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150 | smooth | KUNV | split from DKB, 'dear, nice' ... |
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150 | smooth | levn |
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150 | smooth | KOMPEZ | split from DKB, prob. fr. ... |
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151 | snake | naer, aer |
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152 | snow | erc'h |
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153 | some | bennak |
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154 | spit | tufat |
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154 | spit | SKOPA | split from DKB |
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154 | spit | KRANCHAT | split from DKB |
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155 | split | faoutañ |
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156 | squeeze | gwaskañ |
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156 | squeeze | STARDA, STENNA |
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157 | stab | goustilhañ |
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158 | stand | sav (nn.) |
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159 | star | stered |
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160 | stick | bazh |
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161 | stone | maen |
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161 | stone | karreg |
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162 | straight | eeun |
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163 | suck | sunañ |
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163 | suck | denañ |
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164 | sun | heol |
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165 | swell | c'hwezan | split from DKB |
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165 | swell | PENBOUFI | split from DKB |
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165 | swell | STAMBOUC'HA | split from DKB |
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166 | swim | neuñv |
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167 | tail | lost |
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168 | that | se | an dra se |
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169 | there | aze |
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170 | they | i |
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171 | thick | tev |
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172 | thin | tano | split from DKB |
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172 | thin | moan | split from DKB |
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173 | think | sonjal |
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173 | think | prederiañ |
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174 | this | mañ | hemañ, an dre mañ |
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175 | thou | te |
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176 | three | tri (m.), teir (f.) |
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177 | throw | taoliñ |
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178 | tie | ereñ | STAGA < OF. ESTACHIER, ATACHIR ... |
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178 | tie | liammañ | to tie | Used in the same context ... |
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179 | tongue | teod |
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180 | tooth | dant |
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181 | tree | gwez |
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182 | turn | troiñ |
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182 | turn | TURGNA |
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183 | two | daou (m.), div (f.) |
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184 | vomit | DISTEUREL | split from DKB, prob. fr. ... |
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184 | vomit | c'hwedañ | split from DKB |
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184 | vomit | dislonkañ | split from DKB |
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185 | walk | kerzhet |
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186 | warm | tomm |
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187 | wash | gwalc'hiñ |
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188 | water | dour |
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189 | we | ni |
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190 | wet | gleb |
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191 | what | petra |
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192 | when | pegoulz |
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193 | where | pelec'h |
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194 | white | gwenn |
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195 | who | piv |
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196 | wide | ec'hon | ˈeːɣõn | vast |
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196 | wide | ledan | ˈleːdɑ̃n | wide |
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196 | wide | lark | larg-k | wide, broad, generous |
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196 | wide | frank | frɑ̃ŋ-k | free, libereated, broad, vaste | EXCLUDED. |
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197 | wife | pried | ˈpriːɛd-t | spouse | EXCUDED. < Lat. PRIVATUS 'one's ... |
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197 | wife | gwreg | gwreːg-k | wife, (married) woman |
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198 | wind | avel | ˈaːvɛɭ | wind |
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199 | wing | askell | ˈaskɛɭ | wing, fin |
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200 | wipe | torchañ, torchiñ | ˈtɔrʃǝ | to wipe |
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201 | with | gant | gɑ̃n-t | with; by, because of, on the occasion of |
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202 | woman | maouez | ˈmawɛs, ˈmowǝs | woman, wife |
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203 | woods | koad | ˈkwaːt | forest, woods, piece of wood, beam |
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204 | worm | preñv | prɛ̃v, prẽw | worm, larva |
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206 | year | bloaz | blwaːs, ˈbloas | year |
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207 | yellow | melen | ˈmeːlǝn | yellow, blond |
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205 | you | c'hwi | ˈxwi, ˈhwi | you (2 pl.) |
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Count: 288